India must overcome TB to help its population move from social stigma to a graceful living

As the world marks World Tuberculosis (TB) Day on March 24, 2025, we take this opportunity to raise awareness about one of the oldest infectious diseases known to humanity. TB, caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis, primarily affects the lungs but can impact other parts of the body. Despite being preventable and curable, it remains one of the world's deadliest infectious diseases, particularly in low-income regions.

According to the latest reports, millions of new TB cases are recorded annually, with drug-resistant strains posing a growing challenge. However, global efforts in diagnostics, treatment, and prevention have made significant progress in reducing the disease burden.

Commenting on the ailment, Dr Ratna Babu Kollabattula, Consultant Pulmonologist, Aster Prime Hospital said, “Tuberculosis is not just a health issue; it is a socio-economic challenge. It disproportionately affects people living in poverty, those with limited access to healthcare, and individuals in overcrowded settings such as prisons and refugee camps. Malnutrition, poor housing conditions, and co-infections like HIV make people more susceptible to TB. A major challenge in TB control is ensuring early diagnosis and treatment completion, as many patients abandon therapy due to financial difficulties or stigma. We need stronger healthcare systems with integrated TB programs that provide free and accessible diagnosis, treatment, and support services. Beyond medical interventions, tackling social determinants of health—such as poverty reduction, better nutrition, and improved living conditions—can significantly reduce TB transmission. As we commemorate World TB Day, we must acknowledge that without addressing these underlying factors, we cannot truly eliminate TB. A holistic approach is needed to end this epidemic once and for all.”

“With advancements in rapid diagnostics and newer treatment regimens, we have a real chance to turn the tide against this deadly ailment. A breakthrough in TB disease diagnosis and its management has been the development of molecular tests that allow for early and more accurate detection, even identifying drug-resistant strains, within hours, instead of weeks. However, access to these tests is still limited in many parts of the world. Similarly, while shorter and more effective TB treatments are now available, ensuring patient adherence remains a challenge. Many individuals discontinue treatment prematurely, leading to drug resistance and prolonged infectiousness. It is crucial to strengthen community-based healthcare initiatives, ensuring that patients have continuous medical and social support throughout treatment. More investment in public awareness campaigns can help reduce stigma and encourage early medical intervention. If we can make diagnostics and treatment universally available, we can save millions of lives and move closer to eradicating TB,” added Dr. Bharath Janapati, Consultant Pulmonologist, Kamineni Hospitals, LB Nagar.

Adding further, Dr. Subhakar Nadella, Consultant Clinical & Interventional Pulmonologist, KIMS Hospitals, Kondapur said, “Vaccination remains a critical tool in fighting TB, but there is a growing need for innovation in this area. The BCG vaccine, introduced nearly a century ago, provides some protection against severe forms of TB in children but has limited effectiveness in preventing pulmonary TB in adults. Fortunately, research into new TB vaccines is advancing, with several candidates showing promise in clinical trials. In the meantime, we must enhance BCG coverage in high-risk areas to protect the most vulnerable sections of our society. A comprehensive approach, combining vaccination with early detection and treatment, is necessary to control transmission of this disease. Additionally, policies that improve air quality, reduce indoor smoke exposure, and promote general lung health can help prevent TB. Governments and philanthropic institutions are expected to commit to sustained funding for TB vaccine research and immunization programs. If the scientific community can develop a more effective TB vaccine, the world will have a powerful tool to prevent future infections.”

In conclusion, Dr. Rohith Reddy Pathuri, Consultant- Pulmonologist, TX Hospitals said, “The fight against TB requires a collective effort at every level, global, national, and community-based. While medical advancements have brought new hope, eliminating TB will not be possible without the active participation of communities and local/primary health systems. Many TB cases go undiagnosed because of fear, stigma, or lack of access to healthcare. It is vital to implement community-based screening programs that bring TB testing and treatment closer to people who need them most. Digital health tools, such as mobile applications for treatment reminders and telemedicine consultations, can also play a role in ensuring patients adhere to their full course of treatment. Furthermore, international collaboration in TB research, data sharing, and policy development is key to tackling drug-resistant TB strains. If we prioritize a united and inclusive approach, we can make TB a disease of the past. The fight is tough, but progress is within reach.”